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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00205_Field_frep67.txt
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1996-12-30
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What were these
demonstrations? In a typical
experiment, a patchwork of
rectangular papers of various
colors resembling a Mondrian
painting is illuminated with
three slide projectors, one
equipped with a red, the second
with a green, the third with a
blue filter. Each projector is
powered by a variable electric
source so that its light can be
adjusted over a wide range of
intensities. The rest of the
room must be completely dark.
With all three projectors set at
moderate intensities, the
colors look much as they do in
daylight. The surprising thing
is that the exact settings do not
seem to matter. Suppose we
select a green patch and with a
photometer precisely measure
the intensity of the light
coming from that patch when
only one projector is turned on.
We then repeat the
measurement, first with the
second projector and then with
the third. That gives us three
numbers, representing the
light coming to us when we
turn on all three projectors.
Now we select a different patch,
say orange, and readjust each
projector's intensity in turn so
that the readings we now get
from the orange patch are the
same as those we got before
from the green one. Thus with
the three projectors turned on,
the composition of light now
coming from the orange patch is
identical to the composition of
light that a moment ago came
from the green. What do we
expect to see? Naively, we
would expect the orange patch
to look green. But it still looks
orange--indeed, its color has
not changed at all. We can
repeat this experiment with
any two patches. The
conclusion is that it doesn't
much matter at what
intensities the three projectors
are set, as long as some light
comes from each. In a vivid
example of color constancy, we
see that twisting the intensity
dials for the three projectors to
almost any position makes very
little difference in the colors of
the patches.
Such experiments showed
convincingly that the
sensation produced in one part
of the visual field depends on
the light coming from that
place and on the light coming
from everywhere else in the
visual field. Otherwise, how
could the same light
composition give rise at one
time to green and at another to
orange? The principle that
applies in the domain of black,
white, and gray, stated so
clearly by Hering, thus applies
to color as well. For color, we
have an opponency not only
locally, in red versus green and
yellow versus blue, but also
spatially: center red-greenness
versus surround red-greenness,
and the same opponency for
yellow-blueness.